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World Music in Westminster | Just another McDaniel College Community site

10/24 – Top 5 (Dead or Alive) by MC Jin (Revised)

For my project listening description, I am re-listening and re-writing a listening description for the song “Top 5 (Dead or Alive)” by MC Jin.

The song opens with an introductory phrase lasting the first ten seconds of the song. The phrase contains a bass drum sample that serves as the pulse of the song, a snare drum sample that accents the off-beats of the pulse, a bass guitar line that helps to keep the beat and a guitar layer playing a singular chord that also serves as an accent to the back beat. Over those three layers lies is a sampled disc scratch sound effect to give the song more of an “old school hip-hop” as old-school hip-hop commonly included DJ-ing and record scratching on the tracks. The phrase maintains a duple meter that continues throughout the rest of the song, as the introductory phrase serves as the beat for the song. The overall tempo of the pulse is moderate. It does not go overly fast or overly slow, nor does it speed up or slow down in certain sections of the song. The rhythm of this phrase, as well as the majority of the song up until the last phrase, consists of very short, concise notes for the most part, utilizing the bass drum, snare drum, and guitar layer. I separate the rhythm into 5 distinct notes. Notes 1, 2, and 4 all last the same amount of time in the meter. However, notes 3 and 5 seem to last double the time that the 1, 2, and 4 notes do. When written out, the rhythm of the song appears to follow this pattern: 1-2-3..-4-5… This rhythmic motive is repeated for most of the song as the pulse of the introductory phrase, also serves as the pulse for the entire song as well.

The layers used in the introductory phrase continue into the first chorus, lasting twenty seconds from the ten second to thirty second mark, where three vocal samples are introduced. One vocal layer asks the question, “Who’s the best emcee?” and answers the question as well, saying “…ain’t no best”. Another layer states the title of the song, “Top five, dead or alive”. The third layer is an indistinct, incomplete vocalization, providing some deep tonal melody at intermittent intervals. The phrase is repeated twice during the duration of its section. This layer is revisited later in the song and elongated, providing a better context for the audience both lyrically and musically, so we can begin to understand the role it plays in the structure of the song.

At the thirty second mark of the song, a two new layers are introduced: Jin’s main rapping layer and a backing vocal layer that comes in sporadically to emphasize certain lyrics in the song. Two layers from the previous section of the song, the “Who’s the best emcee…ain’t no best” and the “Top five, dead or alive” layers end. The indistinct vocal layer maintains its presence in the following section. This section serves a role as the first verse of the song. This section ends at the 1:12 mark of the song and is followed by a repeat of the introductory phrase.

The repeating phrase is doubled in length, instead of taking up ten seconds of the song’s runtime, it now takes twenty seconds. Also, in the last two seconds of the repeating phrase, a new layer is introduced of Jin rapping, where he makes a callback to a very popular Notorious B.I.G. song “Juicy”, using the popular lyric, “If you don’t know, now you know…”.

The song resumes again with a second verse, starting at the 1:32 mark, eliminating the same layers as the last transition between the introductory phrase and the first verse phrase. However, another new layer is introduced in this section. The new layer consists of different vocables, very deep-sounding and baritone in tonal quality. This layer utilizes “woo”s and grunts intermittently throughout Jin’s verse. The vocables are reminiscent of the Notorious B.I.G. and other famous rappers’ style of rapping. This section of the song takes up a greater portion of time than the last verse phrase, with this one spanning the time between 1:32 and 2:50, taking up almost a minute and twenty seconds of runtime whereas the first verse only lasted 42 seconds.

After the second verse ends at the 2:50 mark, the introductory phrase is repeated for a second time, utilizing the same layers and same structure as when it was first introduced at the beginning of the song. The phrase, again, runs for twenty seconds, just like its first repetition after the first verse earlier in the song.

The third verse begins right where the third introductory phrase leaves off at the 3:10 mark. The third verse follows the same kind of texture and layering as the previous verse phrases but it is considerably shorter than the previous verse phrases seeing as it only spans 42 seconds, a far cry from the length of the second verse which was a minute and twenty seconds long, but exactly the same length as the first verse.

After the end of the third verse, the introductory phrase is again repeated for a third and final time. This final phrase of the song takes up the longest amount of time of any of the previous repeated phrases, running from the 3:52 mark of the song to the 4:33 mark. Unlike the other phrases where it was repeated only twice for twenty seconds, this final repetition was extended almost double for about forty seconds of runtime instead of twenty.

The third and final repeated introductory phrase transitions out of one and into the final phrase of the song at the 4:33 mark by extending the indistinct vocal sample that has been used throughout the song and never completed, but now finally completes it. The vocal sample that was once indistinct becomes clear and the guitar sample that accompanies it is transformed from accenting notes into a full melody. The drum sample that accompanies it, as well as all of the other layers besides the vocal and guitar layers drop off and do not come back into the song until the 4:43 mark when the scratching sample resumes, shortly followed by drum sample, continuing until the end of the song at the 4:55 mark.

10/22 – Annotated Bibliography

Ali, Lorraine. “A Whole New Rap.” Newsweek 144.19 (2004): 56.Academic Search Complete. Web. 1 Oct. 2014.

This source is a periodical. It provides background information about Jin’s immigrant parents and pivotal events in Jin’s childhood that led him to be the music artist he is today. The article also talk about Jin’s coming up in the rap scene with his appearances in rap battles both in the underground scene and in media outlets as well.

Barrett, Catrice. “Hip-Hopping Across China: Intercultural Formulations Of Local Identities.” Journal Of Language, Identity & Education 11.4 (2012): 247-260. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 25 Sept. 2014.

This source is an academic journal. The author of the journal analyzes the international impact of Hip-Hop on different cultures and communities, focusing on the impact the genre has had on China. The author tries to discover the formation of a new Chinese Hip-Hop identity through the use of another theorists framework.

Coates, Ta-Nehisi. “Just Another Quick-Witted, Egg-Roll-Joke-Making, Insult-Hurling, Chinese-American Rapper.” The New York Times Magazine 21 Nov. 2004: 55. Academic OneFile. Web. 1 Oct 2014.

The source is an article. The author’s main point is to explore the role of Jin in the hip-hop community; the role of an Asian-American in a music genre dominated by African-Americans. It also explores Jin’s background and up-bringing.

Fung, Anthony Y. H. “The Emerging (National) Popular Music Culture In China.” Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 8.3 (2007): 425-437. Academic Search Complete. Web. 25 Sept. 2014.

This source is an academic journal. The author discusses the transformation of the role of music in China from one of utility of the government to influence its citizens, to one of popular music for citizen’s pleasure. The article analyzes the role that popular music plays in Chinese culture and how other forces can use popular music for other means, such as to enhance national ideologies.

Huang, Hao. “Why Chinese People Play Western Classical Music: Transcultural Roots Of Music Philosophy.” International Journal Of Music Education 30.2 (2012): 161-176. ERIC. Web. 25 Sept. 2014.

This source is an academic journal. The author analyzes the role western music plays on Chinese culture. Also analyzed is how western music helps tie in and reaffirm Confucian values and ideals and the responses of Chinese governments to the emergence of western music in China.

Jeffries, Michael P. “Hip-Hop Urbanism Old And New.” International Journal Of Urban & Regional Research 38.2 (2014): 706-715. Academic Search Complete. Web. 16 Oct. 2014.

This source is an academic journal that takes a look at hip-hop through the lens of urbanism. The author researches hip-hop music  by looking at the social organization of black, latino, and other ethnicities in urban in communities. The ultimate goal of the piece is to help redefine what “urban” hip-hop music is and how it affects the ethnic communities that have traditionally made it up.

“JIN AND JUICE – ASIAN-AMERICAN RAPPER OUT TO PROVE THAT HE’S NO ‘GIMMICK'”. New York Post (New York, NY) 2004: Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 16 Oct. 2014.

This source is an article about Jin’s lyrical content and how some critics believe he is exploiting his race and culture as a marketing gimmick more so than an authentic representation. It contains quotes from Jin responding to criticisms of his race and the racial stereotypes that plague him and his music.

Kelly, Lisa. “THE SMOOTH TALKER.” WWD 2 Sept. 2004: 20B. Academic OneFile. Web. 25 Sept. 2014.

This source is a periodical. The author interviews Jin and talks about the effect fame has had on him. Also discussed is how he presents and utilizes his culture and ethnicity in his music and the role authenticity plays in music. Jin discusses the fine line he has to walk in regards to his heritage in his music as he does not want to overuse it, yet not ignore it altogether either.

Kim, Kevin Y. “Kepping Chinatown: mainstream America’s first Asian-American solo rapper battles myths, markets and the tightrope line between exposure and exploitation.” Colorlines Magazine 2004: 47. General OneFile. Web. 16 Oct. 2014.

This source is a magazine article about MC Jin, biographical in nature, talking about Jin’s progress through his music career. The author talk about the impact Jin makes on the Rap music scene as an unorthodox rapper through his race and ethnicity and how impressive his successes have been despite his Asian-American heritage.

N.A. “Jin and Bubba Sparxxx, Uncommon Rappers.” Washington Post, The n.d.: Regional Business News. Web. 16 Oct. 2014.

This source is a magazine article talking about Jin and another rapper with a unique style, Bubba Sparxxx. The source contains useful quotes from MC Jin in regards to his performance style and the interaction between performer and audience, emphasizing the mutual connection and communication between the two parties.

Podoshen, Jeffrey S., Susan A. Andrzejewski, and James M. Hunt. “Materialism, Conspicuous Consumption, And American Hip-Hop Subculture.” Journal Of International Consumer Marketing 26.4 (2014): 271-283. Business Source Premier. Web. 25 Sept. 2014.

This source is an academic journal. The journal article uses survey data to connect materialism to hip-hop music and see how the music affects one’s tendencies. The journal article then tries to make connections between the data and historical contexts and reasons why these connections are evident between consumption and a music genre or why consumption might be higher in those that prefer hip-hop music.

“Rapper’s road; JIN AU-YEUNG GOES OFF ON HIS OWN, INDEPENDENT AND IN CANTONESE.” San Jose Mercury News (California). (February 15, 2007 Thursday ): 640 words. LexisNexis Academic. Web. Date Accessed: 2014/10/1.

This source is a news article. The author discusses a project of Jin’s that was done in Cantonese, the language of his parents and his Chinese culture. It is done in an interview style format where Jin answers questions about his career, direction, and how his culture impacts his works.

Strickland, Khalid J. “Jin the emcee battles back.” New York Amsterdam News 20. Oct. 2005: 25+. Academic Search Complete. Web. 1 Oct. 2014

This source is a news article. The article discusses the then-upcoming release of Jin’s sophomore album, “The Emcee’s Propaganda” and notes his progression as a rapper. Also discussed is the influence the Ruff Ryders label has had on Jin and his music career and how that has helped elevate his popularity and success.

Tinajero, Robert. “Hip Hop And Religion: Gangsta Rap’s Christian Rhetoric.” Journal Of Religion And Popular Culture 3 (2013): 315.Project MUSE. Web. 16 Oct. 2014.

This source is academic journal that analyzes rap lyrics and funnels them through a religious lens to see the impact of religious and spiritual influences on hip-hop and rap artists. The author uses symbolism and metaphors in the analysis of lyrics.

Tzou, Janet. “Music: Y’all Wanna Be Chinese.” The Village Voice Nov. 2004: 89. ProQuest. Web. 1 Oct. 2014.

This source is a music review. The author is reviewing a musical piece of Jin’s. They analyze the lyrical content of the song and make inferences and deductions from them about the messages Jin is trying to make in his music about race.

10/17 – 5 New Sources

Jeffries, Michael P. “Hip-Hop Urbanism Old And New.” International Journal Of Urban & Regional Research 38.2 (2014): 706-715. Academic Search Complete. Web. 16 Oct. 2014. <– This source contains information regarding ideas and importance of musical culture. It also contains information for activities and social organization, particularly concerning the roles of performers.

Lamotte, Martin. “Rebels Without A Pause: Hip-Hop And Resistance In The City.” International Journal Of Urban & Regional Research 38.2 (2014): 686-694. SocINDEX with Full Text. Web. 16 Oct. 2014. <– Source contains information in regards to hip-hop’s influence on New York culture in particular and how musical culture there has been shaped by it.

Kim, Kevin Y. “Kepping Chinatown: mainstream America’s first Asian-American solo rapper battles myths, markets and the tightrope line between exposure and exploitation.” Colorlines Magazine 2004: 47. General OneFile. Web. 16 Oct. 2014. <– Source contains information in terms of the context of the music.

N.A. “Jin and Bubba Sparxxx, Uncommon Rappers.” Washington Post, The n.d.: Regional Business News. Web. 16 Oct. 2014. <– This source has information on social organization and the roles performers and audiences play in the music performance.

Tinajero, Robert. “Hip Hop And Religion: Gangsta Rap’S Christian Rhetoric.” Journal Of Religion And Popular Culture 3 (2013): 315. Project MUSE. Web. 16 Oct. 2014. <– Source contains information pertaining to the impact of spirituality on Hip-Hop Music.

 

10/15 – “Poor Boy Blues” by Lazy Bill Lucas Trio

For today’s listening description, I listened to “Poor Boy Blues” by the Lazy Bill Lucas Trio.

The melody of this song is comprised by the two different guitar layers and the vocals of Bill Lucas. The melodic contour of the song is very interesting. The contour starts in kind of a “yo-yo” pattern, with the electric guitar playing two separate notes, a higher and a lower one repeatedly one after another, using elision to slide between the two notes. The song maintains a characteristic throughout the song in which it changes from generally low notes to generally high notes every several phrases, doing a few phrases in a low pitch, and then the succeeding phrases in a higher pitch. The band uses bent notes, a slide down and back up again before moving on to the next note, and and escalation up and down notes to transition between the low sections and the high sections throughout the song from beginning to end. The melodic character of the song for the most part is conjunct. Bill Lucas’ vocals and lyrics have many words compressed into tiny intervals of the song. For example, when Bill Lucas sings, “When I think how dumb I am, you know it makes me want to scream” he fits those fifteen words into a five second interval of the song. However, occasionally he will include melodic character that is more disjunct in other parts as well. For example, when Bill Lucas sings, “When I was a child Santa Claus never left one toy”, he draws out the note of “was” for a larger amount of time than the other notes, making an eleven word phrase take up nine seconds of the song, compared to a more disjunct interval like the one I referenced before, where he takes fifteen words and fits them into an interval of the song that takes up almost half the time. The overall range of the melody of the song is pretty large. The highest note of the song comes near the end when Bill Lucas pleads with the audience, “Please have mercy on poor old boy” with the highest pitch coming on the note for the word “please”. The lowest note of the song is during the phrase, “I’m just a poor boy” with the lowest note on the word “boy”. The note that is tied with the word “boy” is not a deep, low note, however in relation to the high pitched screech that accompanies the “please”, the range in between the two is pretty big.  The phrasing of the song, unlike the intervals, is equivalent across the board in regards to time, but the phrases do vary when it comes to the amount of notes that comprise each phrase. Some phrases condense a lot of words and different notes into the same amount of time that another phrase uses less words and notes in. In terms of melodic motives, a few motives are apparent in the song. The acoustic guitar layer plays a very simple “da-dum-da-da” pattern, one that is common amongst blues songs, throughout the entire song. Some would think the electric guitar patterns played at the ends of the lyrical phrases would be melodic motives, but they have different note progressions each time and never repeat.

The texture of the song is relatively simple as the song is not comprised of a multitude of layers. There are five layers that comprise the song: the drums, the ride cymbal, the acoustic guitar, the electric guitar, and Bill Lucas’ vocals. The two percussive layers, the drums and the cymbals, both carry the same function. They both act as the time keepers of the song. Both help set the tempo, pulse, and time of the song. They keep the same beat throughout all the phrases of the song and never switch it up, keeping the focus on the guitar playing and Bill Lucas’ vocals, and serving only to keep the beat of the song. The guitar layers serve two different functions. The rhythm of the guitar layers help keep the time, but when they go off into their melodic runs near the ends of the phrases and during the instrumental sections, they are used for a creative flair to put some excitement into the song and help play off and parallel the emotions and intensity of the lyrical content of the song. The speed of the layers is mostly uniform except for the electric guitar layer. The electrical guitar plays notes at a faster pace during its runs at the ends of the phrases and during the instrumentals when the guitar does a solo piece. The timbres of the layers of very different. The drum layer carries with it a membranophonic timbre, a hollow sound, but because it seems to be a snare drum, it is a shorter drum with a cleaner, shorter, sound. The timbre of the drum does not ring or reverberate throughout the song. The cymbal layer has an ideophonic timbre, that reverberates throughout the song. It has a smooth quality to it, making me believe it is more of a ride cymbal rather than a crash. The guitar layers share a chordophonic timbre, but they differ in that the acoustic guitar has more of a reverberation to it and seems to be strum more, while the electric guitar has a tighter, pluckier sound, like the strings are being picked individually instead of being strum altogether at once. Bill Lucas’s voice carries a timbre that is very raspy and strained. His timbre helps display the anguish and depressed nature of the song and the lyrics.

The time of the song is played in triple meter. The rhythm in each layer is pretty similar in each apart from the vocals where Bill Lucas stretches out the notes and shortens them as he sees fit. But the guitar layers and percussive layers have the same kind of short, chopped up quality and duration of the notes. The tempo of the song is pretty slow. The song has some swing to it, which is common amongst blues songs, but the slow nature of the song allows the swing to really come out in the instrumental and beat of the song. Also, the slow tempo of the song parallels the nature of the song which is “bluesy” and very sad. Syncopation occurs during the electric guitar’s riffs during the instrumental and the ends of the phrases, showing off its presence apart from the typical accents of the beat. Rhythmic motives are also present in this song, where the “ba-dum-da-dum” swing rhythm that permeates the percussive layers and some of the guitar layers sets the rhythm of the song.

The harmonic character of the song is extremely consonant. When the two guitar layers play in conjunction, there is very little tension between the notes. It is a much sweeter sounding, consonant harmonic character as the notes being played together are very close in tonal quality.

10/10 – “Perspectives” by MC Jin

The song I chose from my artist MC Jin’s album “The Emcee’s Properganda” was “Perspectives”, a song about hip-hop and how people outside of the genre talk about how the music’s quality is decreasing in recent times.

The song’s melody follows a rather up-down contour. The main component of the melody is the backing track of what seems to be a string instrument sample that starts off on a high pitch and lowers throughout the middle of the phrase and then escalates back up before the beginning of the next phrase of the song. Another component is a guitar/other string instrument accent that comes in intermittently in the background of the song. The character of the melody is rather disjunct as the notes of the melody go through drastic changes multiple times throughout the song. Between the peaks of the high notes and the valleys of the lower notes in the melody, there are not many instances of two notes side by side that are relatively close in pitch. The only times the melody is conjunct is in the middle of the phrases, in between the peaks of the string samples. The range of the song is pretty large between the low notes in the string samples and the low pitch of the guitar/other string instrument being played to accent the backing track as well as the high pitch of the peaks of the main string sample. As far as hip-hop songs go in general, melodic motives are the basis of these types of songs. “Perspectives” melody is comprised entirely of melodic motives. The entire melody is a repeated building block of the song, as the string samples that comprise the melody are repeated throughout the entire song.

The texture of the song is broken up into a few layers. There are six layers total in the song. The first layer is the backbeat or pulse of the song that is a manufactured sample beat. The second is the main component of the melody, the string sample. The third is the secondary string sample that accents the main string sample in the middle of the phrase. The fourth is the main vocals. The fifth is the lower vocals that supplement the main vocals during the chorus. The sixth and final layer is the repeating lower vocal sample “Pers-pers-pers-pers-pective” that is littered throughout the song and always follows whenever MC Jin says the word “perspective” in the song. All the of the layers maintain the same general speed and stay on the same tempo throughout the song as the beat and melody remain the same and are repeated sections throughout the song. Each layer has a different kind of timbre. Although both melodic layers seem to be string samples, they each have a different distinct sound. The main melodic layer with the string sample appears to have the sound of a sustained violin-type sound while the other layer with the string accents seems to have a sound more like a guitar. The backbeat drum sample layer has a very manufactured, “computer”-like sound. The beat sounds entirely created and not played by actual instruments. The listener can tell by the short, choppy sounds of the beats. There is very little echo or reverb that is characteristic of actual drums. There is also an example of call and response in the song and that is shown when MC Jin says the word “perspectives” the other layer that is a pitched-down voice repeats the word in a stuttering fashion.

For time, the meter of the song is divided into six beat sections. in a “1-2-3-4…5-6” meter. The sampled backbeat takes on a boom-ba-clap-boom…boom-clap beat and consistently plays throughout the song. For most of the layers, the rhythm in each layer is relatively short. The notes do not have a very long duration. However, in the main melodic layer with the violin-like sounding string sample, the notes there take up much more time than other other layers’ notes. The tempo of the song is pretty moderate. I would not call it slow, nor would I call it overly fast, but it keeps a decent pace. Swing is apparent in the song though, especially in the pulse of the song. The pulse swings between long and short beats, especially from the 1-2-3-4 section to the 5-6 section of the backbeat of the song. There is some syncopation in the song with the secondary string guitar-sounding layer. When keeping track of the pulse of the song, it becomes visible that that layer is not on the same meter as the rest of the song as it accents the other part of the melody. Like the melody, the rhythm also possesses musical motives. The entire backbeat and pulse of the song is a repeating pattern.

For harmony, the song only contains a little portion of harmonic character evident, particularly in the chorus of the song when MC Jin repeats his verse and there is an audible, lower pitched mimicking of his verse at the same time. The harmonic character can be described as pretty consonant as the quality in terms of volume and pitch of MC Jin’s rhymes are relatively similar to the backing mimicry that is harmonizing in the background.

 

10/10 – Activities of Musical Culture

Information on Activities

a. Does the music accompany dance? Yes, audience members are encouraged to dance and move to the beat of the music.

b. Does this music accompany ritual? N/A

c. Does this music accompany other types of movement? N/A

d. What is the etiquette for audiences and performers for this type of music? Audiences are expected to be excited and interested in the music. Performers are expected to engage  the audience and keep them entertained.

e. What are the objects necessary for the creation of this music? Microphone

f. What are the objects necessary for the consumption of this music? N/A

g. What are the clothes, costumes, and/or regalia that go with this music? “Baggy” clothing and flashy jewelry are stereotypes.

10/8 – Ideas and Social Organization

Ideas

Importance: Why is music important to individuals and to the community? Which components of musical culture are the most important to the sounds and to the people?

Hip-Hop/Rap music is important because artists have a platform to discuss many social issues that affect the “everyday” person.

Aesthetics: What is beautiful music? Is beauty appropriate? Which musical traits are the most beautiful as defined by the individuals and community?

N/A

Spirituality: What is the role of music in religion? What is the role of religion in music?

N/A

Function: What are the most important functions of the music? Are these fixed or flexible?

Important functions of Hip-Hop/Rap music are to express emotions and feelings, discuss social issues

Context: What are the most important contexts of this music? Are these fixed or flexible?

N/A

Social Organization

Performers: Who makes the music? What kind of training do they have? What are the formal and informal rules governing who is allowed to make music? What is the social status of the musicians?

Professional, in-depth training not required
No formal rules

Audience: Who listens to the music? What kind of training do they have? What is the social status of the audience? Is there a clear division between who plays and who listens?

Audience can be anybody; no training required; Clear division made by who is on stage and who is not

What are the subsidiary roles in music creation and consumption?

N/A

Which of these roles are professionalized?

N/A

What are spoken and unspoken social rules governing who belongs to each group?

N/A

10/3 – 5 Additional Sources

Ali, Lorraine. “A Whole New Rap.” Newsweek 144.19 (2004): 56. Academic Search Complete. Web. 1 Oct. 2014.

“The best rapper you’ve never heard.” Billboard 5 Feb. 2011: 58+. Academic OneFile. Web. 1 Oct. 2014.

Coates, Ta-Nehisi. “Just Another Quick-Witted, Egg-Roll-Joke-Making, Insult-Hurling, Chinese-American Rapper.” The New York Times Magazine 21 Nov. 2004: 55. Academic OneFile. Web. 1 Oct 2014.

Tzou, Janet. “Music: Y’all Wanna Be Chinese.” The Village Voice Nov. 2004: 89. ProQuest. Web. 1 Oct. 2014.

Strickland, Khalid J. “Jin the emcee battles back.” New York Amsterdam News 20. Oct. 2005: 25+. Academic Search Complete. Web. 1 Oct. 2014

 

 

 

9/29 – Nag Biegu (Ferocious Wild Bull)

The song I chose from the reading today was “Nag Biegu”, which means ferocious wild bull to the Dagbamba people of Ghana. The song is extremely drum-focused, which parallels the importance of drummers in their culture and everyday life where drummers, like the lunsi, serve dual roles in the community as both musical performers and counselors to royalty, genealogists, and cultural experts amongst other things.

For the piece’s melody, its contour is incredibly varied. The song only has one main vocalist and his contour is extremely erratic. When he begins singing, his tone and volume escalate quickly and plateaus for a long note until the note drops out  and  he finishes the phrase with a quick succession of short notes of the same pitch in the mid-range. He continues again with a long burst, followed by another, followed by several mid-range bursts of vocals and then another mid-range sustained note. For the rest of the two minute long recording, he continues in the same kind of pattern, varying it only slightly occasionally, adding more mid-range shorter notes in the middle of the song. The piece’s melodic character is disjunct. The main singer varies between both high and extremely low notes. His vocalizations escalate and decline erratically through his phrases, with the disjunct character paralleling the varied contour of the melody. Some phrases are conjunct in the middle of the song when the main vocalist strays from the long bursts of sustained, louder notes and transitions into the phrases of mid-range vocal bursts that have a much closer range. The overall range of the song is very wide. The main singer begins in a higher register, belting our longer, booming notes and then quickly drops down into lower notes to finish out the phrase. The phrasing of the song, like the contour, is also very varied. The vocalist mixes in very long phrases, with his long bursts of sustained, louder notes; as well as  very short phrases that are merely comprised of tiny bursts of vocalizations in a lower register. These varied lengths of phrases also parallel the erratic drum beats that accompany the melody. Most of the song is very varied in its melodic content. However, there are repeating musical motive sections in the melody. The main vocalist varies his vocalizations throughout the song mostly, but he does repeat his long, sustained, louder note bursts several times throughout the musical piece.

The piece’s texture is relatively simple monophony with percussion as the song only contains four layers. One layer is a deeper, louder, booming drum beat. A second layer is a shorter, higher pitched drum beat, probably coming from a smaller hand drum. The third layer is a high pitched screech, seemingly coming from either a female vocalist or an animal nearby, that occurs four times throughout the song, and the fourth layer is the main, male vocalist. The first two layers of drum beats serve a function of signaling the beginning of a new phrase of melody, as well as setting the beat of the music. The deeper drum serves as a beat for the piece where as the higher pitched drum accents the deeper drums loud, booming sounds with lighter beats. The fourth layer of the male vocalist serves as the melody of the piece. The third layer, which I’m not entirely sure if it was meant to be part of the song or was just surrounding sound picked up by the recording equipment, does not appear to have any function. It does not fit the melody or accompany the beat. The fourth layer of the male vocalist is going at a much faster pace than the rest of the layers for most of the song. The higher pitched drum’s layer is the second fastest layer of the song for most of the time, followed by the deeper drum’s layer, and the screeching layer last. The only time the two drums are at the same speed is near the end of the song where the two match each other in time, speed, and rhythm for an extended phrase. The timbres of the layers are radically different as one is a male vocalist whose vocals have a ululate-like quality to them. Meanwhile the drums have contrasting sounds they emit as one is deeper and reverbs outward more, while another is smaller and has a more succinct noise it emits when struck. The other layer is merely a screech reminiscent of a distressed female or some sort of animal, possibly a bird-like creature. There is no call-and-response as there is only one layer of melody in the song.

The piece’s time is hard to describe. The drumming back beat is normally the indicator of the meter of a song but the erratic nature of the song makes it difficult to place any sort of pattern into the song’s composition. The different layers of the drums, plus the fact one could drop out entirely while another one plays a different rhythm and then come back in halfway through another drum part, makes it hard to establish a set rhythm. There is really only chaos. Therefore, I do not believe the song does have any sort of set meter it follows. But while the meter is hard to distinguish, the rhythm in each layer is now. The two drum layers do not have differences in the durations of the notes. The male vocalist does have the ability to switch up how long or short he chooses to hold a note and he does that throughout the song. In the beginning, as mentioned throughout this writing, he begins with a long burst of a loud, high sustained note (“Boom-ahhhhh” and “bom-dee-eyyyyy”) followed by a drop off in both duration, volume, and pitch. He repeats the same type of bursts throughout the beginning of the song before he switches to mainly short notes in the middle of the song. He goes back to his long bursts near the end of the recording again.

There is no harmony component to the melodic part as there is only one melodic layer. But the drums bring about an interesting, dissonant harmonic character. For most of the song, there is a lot of tension between the two drumming parts as they seem to be playing different rhythms at some parts. However, in a few select sections, the two work together to create a pleasant, consonant beat. Especially in the parts with no vocals, the drums seem to match up well.

 

9/26 – 5 More Sources

Barrett, Catrice. “Hip-Hopping Across China: Intercultural Formulations Of Local Identities.” Journal Of Language, Identity & Education 11.4 (2012): 247-260. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 25 Sept. 2014.

Fung, Anthony Y. H. “The Emerging (National) Popular Music Culture In China.” Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 8.3 (2007): 425-437. Academic Search Complete. Web. 25 Sept. 2014.

Gonzalez, Jr., Miguel. “Chinese-American Rapper MC Jin Discovers God, Cantonese.”Speakeasy. The Wall Street Journal, 1 Sept. 2010. Web. 25 Sept. 2014.

Huang, Hao. “Why Chinese People Play Western Classical Music: Transcultural Roots Of Music Philosophy.” International Journal Of Music Education 30.2 (2012): 161-176. ERIC. Web. 25 Sept. 2014.

Podoshen, Jeffrey S., Susan A. Andrzejewski, and James M. Hunt. “Materialism, Conspicuous Consumption, And American Hip-Hop Subculture.” Journal Of International Consumer Marketing 26.4 (2014): 271-283. Business Source Premier. Web. 25 Sept. 2014.